大学英语精读第一册翻译题答案
He is the son of a wealthy family, but he seems to have come down in the world.
4) 他常利用她缺乏生意头脑(business sense)而欺骗她。
He often took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her.
5) 王教授，请您赏光来参加我们星期六的英语晚会好吗?
Prof. Wang, would you do us a favor by coming to our English evening this Saturday?
6) 看外表他一点也不像是个八十多岁的老人。
He does not seem to be an old man in his eighties, considering his appearance.
7) 他们肯定没打算把他培养成一名工程师，我猜想他们永远也不会这样做。
Undoubtedly they do not have the intention of making an engineer of him, and I suspect they never will.
8) 我怀疑这家工厂什么质量控制也没有。经过一周的观察，我发现情况果真如此。
I suspected there was no quality control whatsoever in the factory. After making observations for a week I found this was indeed the case.
Unit8 翻译
1) 我很幸运，在我年轻的时候就学会了许多不同的技能。
I am lucky to have acquired a wide range of skills when I was young.
2) 这些画价值在五千万美元左右，绝不能直接暴露在阳光之下。
These drawings, which are worth something like 50 million dollars, must not be exposed to direct sunlight.
3) 我儿子写出他第一首诗的时候，我就知道他有天赋。
I knew my son got talent when he composed his first poem.
4) 由于流感(the flu)在社区传播，她用暖和的冬衣将自己裹起来，以防传染上这种疾病。
As the flu was spreading in the community, she wrapped herself in warm winter clothing to avoid catching the disease.
5) 被告(defendant)否认他曾经向政府官员付钱以获得合同。
The defendant denied that he had ever made any payment to the government official to get a contract.
6) 我吃惊地看到，当他妻子泄露了一个家庭秘密的时候，他掴了她一记耳光。
I was startled to see he slapped his wife in the face when she revealed a family secret.
7) 他说他掌握了一个关于战争的秘密文件，这使每一个在座的人都大为吃惊。接着他啪地一声打开公文包(briefcase)便开始读起来。
He astonished everyone present by saying that he possessed a secret paper about the war. He then snapped open his briefcase and began to read it.
8) 当他渐渐地获得了信心的时候，他的语调变得自然了，说起话来也就自然脱口而出了。
As he gradually acquired confidence, his tone became natural and his words came out spontaneously.
Unit9 翻译
1) 工厂和汽车排出的一氧化碳一类气体严重污染了大气。
Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.
2) 那位工业管理工程师的来信表明，他对该项计划是否可行有怀疑。
The industrial engineer's letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.
3) 在美国，许多父母在孩子出生之前就为他们的教育留出一笔专款。
Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children's education before they are born.
4) 我已了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的。
I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.
5) 几天前，由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了。
The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountain area a few days ago.
6) 这个村庄是以矗立在它前面的那座高山命名的。
The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.
7) 他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了很多。
He was ill for about a month, which has really set him back in his studies.
8) 南方和北方之间于一八六一年爆发的那场战争在历史上称为"美国内战"。
The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.
Unit10 翻译
1) 教授走进教室时，我们正兴致勃勃地讨论中东(the Middle East)的形势。
We were caught up in a discussion about the situation in the Middle East when the professor walked into the classroom.
2) 一辆卡车驶进了学校积雪覆盖的操场。
A truck pulled into the snow-covered playground of the school.
3) 午夜(midnight)后某个时候，敌人被迫撤退了。
Sometime after midnight, the enemy was/were forced to retreat.
4) 就是在那间斗室里，他们勤奋地工作着，憧憬着美好的未来。
It was in that small room that they worked diligently and dreamed of better days to come.
5) 老太太听到铃响，便从椅子上站起来，向门口走去。
When she heard the bell ringing, the old lady rose from her chair and made her way to the door.
6) 经过一天的战斗，我们的士兵占领了敌人的一些重要阵地(position)。
After a day's fight, our soldiers succeeded in taking over some important enemy positions.
大学英语精读第四册第十单元内容详解
导语：工作对社会的意义，社会的发展进步，与每个社会组成成员的选择倾向是有密切关系的。下面是一篇关于人为什么工作的.英语课文，欢迎阅读。
Text
Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers to question like these in the following essay.
WHY PEOPLE WORK
Leonard R. Sayles
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness sand contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.
Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" industry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside.
And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.
But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.
Pride in Accomplishment
The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.
It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his personal skill.
But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good deal.
We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality. Complaining is just part of working After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs ad hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.
Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.
Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.
But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world," with an through other people.
Esprit de corps
Perhasps an example will make the point:
I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good. They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.
When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.
One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike may other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.
Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is though of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.
New Wordscontentment
n. happiness; satisfaction 满足
civilization
n. 文明
intangible
a. that can not be touched or grasped 触摸不到的
crucial
a. decisive; critical 决定性的，关键的
pschological
a. of the soul or mind 心理的
historically
ad. in the course of history, in accordance with or in respect to history
associate
vt. connect or bring together in one's mind 联想
slavery
n. the system of having slaves; the condition of being a slave 奴隶制度;奴隶身份
sin
n. behavior that is against the principles of morality; an immoral act 罪孽
punishment
n. punishing or being punished 惩罚
complaint
n. complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction 抱怨
behavioral
a. of or having to do with behavior 行为的
contribution
n. act of contributing; sth. contributed
necessity
n. sth. that is necessary; the condition of being necessary, needed or unavoidable 必需品;必要性
focus
n. the central point; centre of interest 焦点
creativity
n. the ability to produce new and orignal ideas and things; inventiveness创造性
clinic
n. building or part of a hospital where doctors give specialized medical treatment and advice; a medical institution for special purposes 诊所
heal
v. (cause to) become healthy 治愈，愈合，痊愈
depressed
a. sad; low in spirits 精神抑郁的，情绪沮丧的
depress
vt. make sad, low in spirits
renew
vt. reestablish; give new life and freshness to 使更新
gainfully
ad. profitably
acute
a. severe; strong 严重的，急性的
symptom
a. a change in the body's condition that indicates illness 症状
institution
n. a society, club, college or any organization established for some public or social purpose 公共机构
workshop
n. a room of building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things 车间，工场
wherein
conj. in which
exert
vt. use(strength, skill, etc.) 尽力
reverse
n. the opposite; the other way round, the back 相反，背面
absence
n. non-existence; lack
retirement
n. instance of retiring or being retired; condition of being retired 退休
financial
a. relating to money 财政的;金融的
weekend
n. Saturday and Sunday, esp. when considered as a holiday from work
fend
vi. provide(for) 供养;照料
unemployment
n. the state of being unemployed
significant
a. of noticeable importance or effect 重大的
significance n.
satisfaction
n. be state of being satisfied 满足
satisfactory a.
accomplished
a. skilled, expert 有才艺的;有造诣的
tribute
n. material evidence of one's worth, virtue, etc.
inherent
a. existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 内在的，生来的
craftsman
n. a highly skilled workman 手艺人，(名)工匠
bicklayer
n. a workman who builds with bricks
attributable
a. that can be attributed 可归因于?的
attribute
vt. 把?归因为
housekeeping
n. management of a home and its affairs 家政
staff
n. the group of workers who carry on a job (全体)员工
capacity
n. ability, power; the amount that sth. can hold or produce 能力;容量
tough
a. difficult to do or deal with 艰巨的
unique
n. being the only one of its type 独特的
limb
n. the leg, arm. or wing of an animal 肢，翼
opposite
n. a person or thing that is entirely different from another 对立面，对立物
countless
a. very many; too many to be counted
broker
n. person who buys and sells for others 经纪人，掮客
stock broker
n. a person who buys and sells stocks and bonds for other for a commission 证券经纪人
representative
n. a person acting in place of one or more others 代表
interact
vi. act on each other 相互作用
persistence
n. the act or fact of keeping on doing sth in spite of difficulty or opposition 坚持
persist vi.
distinctive
a. clearly marking a person or thing as different from other 特殊的;与众不同的
mightily
ad. with power and strength; greatly
esprit de corps
n. (French) spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of a group or society 团体精神，集体荣誉感
coordination
n. harmonious adjustment or working together 协调
coordinate vt.
lightning
闪电
bystander
n. a person standing near but not taking part in an event or activity; onlooker 旁观者
superbly
ad. magnificently; first class
aspect
n. one side or view of a subject 方面
relationship
n. a friendship between people; connection 关系
disclose
make known; show by uncovering 揭示
sporadic
a. occurring now and then; occasional 零星发生的,偶尔的
collectivity
n. people collectively, especially as forming a community or state 集体
collective a.
status
n. (high) social or professional position 地位,身份
envy
vt. feel admiration or ill-will toward (sb.) because he has the good fortune one wishes to have 羡慕;妒忌
winner
n. one that wins or seems destined to win or be successful
prestigious
a. having respect that results from the good reputation (of a person, nation, etc.)有声望的
bask
vi. sit or lie in enjoyable warmth and light (舒适地) 取暖,享受
reflect
vt. throw back (light, heat, sound or image) 反射;反映
assert
vt. demonstrate the existence of; declare forcefully 宣称,断言
membership
n. the state of being a member, of a club, society, etc. all the members of a club, society, etc.
Phrases & expressionsassociate with
connect with (often mentally) 把?与?联系在一起
rather than
instead of
fend for oneself
look after oneself 照料自己，自行谋生
aside from
besides, apart from 除?以外
long for
desire (to have )sth. strongly 渴望
take pride in
fell please and happy because of 为?而感到得意
store up
put away for future use 储存，储备
pride oneself on
regard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction 以?自豪
make the/one's point
prove that sth. is true 证明一个论点
in particular
especially
at work
busy at a job; doing work
one the whole
considering everything; in general
work off
get rid of, dispose 除去，清除
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